An Ethical Theory Applied to Business Organizations Essay -- Business

The object of this turn up is to establish whether there is an respectable theory that can be successfully applied to business organizations. In order to dissolvent this question, it is necessary first to define the major honorable theories, which are utilitarianism, deontology and virtue ethics, before determining whether there are any other options. After that, the ethical needs, problems and limitations of work organizations will have to be examined so that the different theories can be evaluated in this context. It will also be important to draw a distinction between the terms accurate and useful as these actually result in two different questions the answer to which need not needfully be the same. Another essential part of this discussion is the more general question why there should be ethics in work organizations in the first place, and to what extent ethical behavior is feasible in the business world. Hopefully this will provide a framework within which the answer to the essay question can be included.To begin with, the traditional approaches to solving moral problems will be defined, namely those of act-utilitarianism and deontology. These are traditional not because they have existed all-night than virtue ethics, but because for a long time they have been the approaches most commonly used as a basis for trying to solve ethical problems. After looking at these two moral theories, the approach of virtue ethics regarding moral dilemmas will be investigated in order to compare differences and advantages as well as problems.Utilitarianism is a form of consequentialism developed by Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. It adopts the consequentialist view that it must be right to make the world a ruin place and therefore the right action is the cardinal that produces the best consequences. Utilitarianism takes this one step further and defines the action that will produce the best consequences as the one that produces the most happiness. Act-utilitaria nism holds that each case should be judged separately in terms of which possible action would maximise happiness this means that there are no rules to follow, but the theory seems to provide a decision-procedure to act upon in that one acts upon a principle of justice.Intuitively this seems to be an appealing solution to ethical dilemmas. To maximise happiness makes utilitarianism a noble ideal. Furthermore... ...usiness Ethics, Vol.19, No.3, April II 1999Cicero Selected Works. Penguin Classics, Harmondsworth - England 1971Donaldson, D. and Davis, E. Business Ethics? Yes, But What Can it Do for the Bottom Line? Management Decision, Vol 28, 6, 1990Legge, K. Is HRM ethical? Can HRM be ethical? in Parker, M. (ed.) Ethics and Organisations. Sage Publications - London 1998Madsen and Shafritz Essentials of Business Ethics. Penguin Books 1990McDonald, G. Business Ethics Practical Proposals for Organisations. in Journal of Business Ethics, Vol.19, No.2, April I 1999McNamara, C. Complete sentry to Ethics Management An Ethics Toolkit for Managers. The Management Assistance Program for Nonprofits 1999 (http//www.mapnp.org/library/ethics/ethxgde.htm)McNaughton, D. Moral Vision. Blackwell - Oxford 1988Norman, R. The Moral Philosophers. Clarendon Press - Oxford 1983Pearson, G. Integrity in Organisations. McGraw-Hill Book union - London 1995Richards, R. Cicero and the ethics of honest business dealings. The Online Journal of Ethics 1997Townley, P. Business Ethics Commitment to Tough Decisions. Vital Speeches, pp. 208-211, 1992 (Jan)